Immune infertility

Immune infertility is a disease of male infertility. This disease can prevent sperm activity and even cause sperm death. It can also affect the development of the embryo, thereby leading to male infertility. The cause of this disease is very complicated and requires professional examination to be discovered. Therefore, if a man has not become pregnant for a long time after marriage, it is best to have a thorough examination.

There are also many things to pay attention to in daily life for immune infertility, including a reasonable diet, developing good living habits, avoiding infection by various pathogens, and especially being careful not to have sex during menstruation. These can effectively prevent the occurrence of immune infertility. Here we will introduce the causes of immune infertility, hoping to help you and allow male friends to better understand themselves.

Causes

First, there are antigens and antibodies in semen. After human semen is liquefied and separated at room temperature, it can be divided into clarified seminal plasma and precipitated sperm. Both parts contain a variety of proteins. The structure of this protein can change into antigens. There are more than 30 such antigens in the human body, some of which are sperm-specific antigens that can stimulate the body to produce specific antibodies, thereby affecting the development and maturation of sperm and causing infertility.

Second, it is sperm autoimmunity. Autoimmunity refers to the body's immune response to its own tissues or its own tissues with altered antigenicity, that is, the body can form autoantibodies or sensitized lymphocytes to its own antigens. Although self-tissues such as serum and sperm carry a variety of antigens, they generally do not produce an immune response due to their very low titers. However, if self-tolerance is destroyed or self-antigenicity changes, or immune-active cells mutate, the immune system will produce an immune response to self-antigens, thereby causing an autoimmune reaction and leading to damage to one's own tissue cells.

Third, research on the reproductive immune system has confirmed the existence of a blood-testis barrier between the blood and the testicles. Once the blood-testicular barrier is damaged by biological, chemical, or physical factors, sperm antigens will leak out, and mononuclear macrophages will enter the testicle or epididymis. After engulfing the sperm, they will digest the sperm antigens and then transmit the antigen information to lymphocytes, generating humoral or cellular immune responses, destroying tissues such as the testicle, epididymis, and vas deferens, causing autoimmune orchitis and leading to infertility.

Symptoms

1. Reproductive system diseases: The patient may have had reproductive system diseases before, but did not receive effective treatment, which caused the immune system to mistake male sperm as an antigen, further producing an autoimmune reaction in the body.

2. Allergic reaction: Men or women may feel a little uncomfortable after having sex. Due to immune factors, allergic reactions may occur. If the condition is serious, it may lead to fainting.

3. Low libido: Because of immune problems, men’s testicles will be damaged to a certain extent. As a result, men will experience low sexual desire or even sexual aversion.

We all know about immune infertility. The incidence of this disease is not very high, but couples who have not been pregnant for a long time still need to undergo a comprehensive examination. Male friends should develop good living habits and hygiene habits in daily life, and exercise more appropriately, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of immune infertility.